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M., Shekhar Kumar
- Run-of-the-river Micro Hydroelectric Power Generation from Artificially Induced Vortices
Authors
1 Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560080, IN
2 Professor in Electrical Engineering, Government. Engineering College Thrissur, Kerala – 680009, IN
Source
Power Research, Vol 11, No 4 (2015), Pagination: 741-750Abstract
Run-of-the-river micro hydroelectric power systems are a purely green form of renewable energy generation. In the case of a run-of-the-river hydroelectric power generation scheme, there is absence of an energy storage device (like dam) to allow manipulation of the mass flow rate to efficiently extract power. The postulation of presenting a vortex as a kinetic energy storage device analogous to a flywheel to extract power in run-of-the-river generation is introduced here. Studies show that Coriolis force is a major factor in vortex formation, but its effect in artificially induced vortices for power generation is negligible owing to high Rossby number .This paper discusses various aspects in the realization of power generation from artificial vortices and how to utilize artificial vortices for micro hydroelectric power generation with water head as low as 1 meter. The low head requirement makes the technology a viable option for decentralised cascaded power generation and community electrification.Keywords
Run-of-the-river, Hydroelectric, Renewable Energy, Artificial Vortex, Kinetic Energy, Green Electricity
- Assessment of Water Wall Tubes of a Fossil Fuel Fired Thermal Power Plant
Authors
1 Engineering Officer, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560 080, IN
2 JRF, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560 080, IN
3 Joint Director, Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore - 560 080, IN
Source
Power Research, Vol 11, No 4 (2015), Pagination: 757-772Abstract
Boilers being the heart of any steam generating system, failure of its components,will lead to forced outages of the plant, resulting in heavy economic losses in terms of non–availability of plant.Periodic inspection and assessment of boiler tubes has a great impact on the generation of power and economic status. The assessment of boiler tubes minimizes the risk of forced outage of the power plant. This paper presents the assessment of water wall tubes of thermal power plant to avoid any forced outage due to failure of water wall tubes. The assessment includes non-destructive, destructive and failure analysis of failed tubes. The periodic non-destructive evaluation is performed for the boiler tubes for generation of data for assessing and deciding the integrity of the boiler tubes. Destructive and failure analysis of failed tubes gives the information and helps in identifying the ischolar_main cause of failure and to take preventive action for avoiding forced outage.Keywords
Water Wall Tube, Forced Outage, Corrosion, Erosion, Deposited Product, Scanner, Hydrogen Damage, Microstructure and EDX Analysis- Fly Ash Cenospheres – A Resourceful Material for Engineering Applications
Authors
1 Materials Technology Division, Central Power Research Institute, Bengaluru - 560080, IN
2 Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal - 575025, IN
Source
Power Research, Vol 11, No 1 (2015), Pagination: 207-222Abstract
In India, about 60% of the total power generation comes from thermal power stations operating on fossil fuels like coal and lignite [1]. Presently about 400 million tons of coal and lignite is consumed annually for power generation. Typically, Indian coals have an average ash content of about 45%, thereby leading to generation of around 180 million tons of ash annually as an industrial by product.
Out of the total ash generated, 70 % of this ash comprises of fly ash and the remaining are bottom ash, economizer ash, air-preheater ash, etc. Presently, dry fly ash is being utilized in a big way in value added products like bricks, blocks, pavers, etc., while bulk volumes of fly ash is consumed in blended cement manufacture, different types of concrete, construction of dams, roads, river embankments, etc.
Fly ash also contains about 1.0 % hollow particles called as ‘Cenospheres’ generated during combustion of the pulverized coal at high temperatures in the thermal power plant boilers. Cenospheres is a useful by-product of coal combustion which can be harvested from the ash ponds or by any other methods such as tribo-electric separation, slurry precipitation, pond skimming etc., from fly ash. Fly ash cenospheres are unique in the way that they possess excellent properties such as lightweight, low density, nonmetallic, high melting points. These unique properties make cenospheres a prospective raw material to produce value added products for use in engineering applications. The paper discusses the work carried out at Central Power Research Institute on cenospheres characterization and development of value added products for various applications.